Astronomy science fair projects are great for students who are interested in the solar system, stars, planets and the universe. Criminology “The scientific study of crime and criminal behavior”
A close friend of mine advised me to study the subject of Criminology, which is defined as the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior. Criminology is an advanced, theoretical field of study. It is the study of crime, the cause of crime (Etiology), the meaning of crime in terms of law and community and the reaction to crime. According to research on criminal behavior, there are varieties of rational decisions that a criminal would make in the process of committing a crime. In 18th century, criminology arose as social philosophers gave thought to crime and concepts of law. Second was Positivist School, Positivist school of thought assumes that criminal behavior is the result of internal and external factors outside of the individual’s control. Positivism can be broken up into three segments mainly biological, psychological and social positivism. Biological theory treats the defects and protects society from the untreatable. Psychological theory, predicts, prevents and therapeutically intervenes. Intervention therapies include psychoanalysis, group therapy, counseling, family therapy, drug treatment, and reconditioning. Sociological positivism claims that societal factors such as poverty, membership of subcultures, or low levels of education can incline people to crime. Criminology studies the motives behind any crime that takes place but motives alone is usually not sufficient explanations by themselves. Control theories take the opposite approach from other theories in criminology. Instead of asking what drives people to commit crime they ask why, do most people not commit crime? Control theorists generally argue that there is no problem explaining why people commit crime since all human beings suffer from inborn human weaknesses that make them unable to resist temptation and this theory focus on restraining or controlling factors that are broken or missing inside the personalities of criminals. Inequality ; unemployment are also among factors that cause individuals to take drastic action resulting in a dire consequence, unemployment ; inequality does cause crime among people.
One of the theories that revealed a true form of our society was the Labeling theory, it dictates that labeling and reacting to offenders as “criminals” or “worthless” has unexpected negative consequences, deepening the individual behavior and making the situation worse.; Labeling theorists believe that the criminal justice system is dangerous in the sense that it is “casting the net” of social control too widely. There are also theories in criminology that believe that criminality is a function of individual socialization, how individuals have been influenced by their experiences or relationships with family relationships, peer groups, teachers, church, authority figures, and other agents of socialization.; These are learning theories, and specifically social learning theories, because criminology never really embraced the psychological determinism inherent in most learning psychologies. Biological conditions or Hormones also have an enormous impact on criminology. One of the first things you will notice about psychobiological criminology a branch of criminology that deals with psychological problems relating biology of human, is its inordinate concern for violent, aggressive crime. Government is not doing any serious efforts to improve the current conditions of our jails or society. Improving police and jail conditions can be temporary measures to suppress criminals but we should understand the reason that why ordinary individuals become criminals.
